This risk is associated with both frequent and severe hyperglycemia before conception and during organogenesis (5–8 weeks after the last menstrual period) ( 4, 5).
Women with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes diagnosed before or during the first trimester of pregnancy are at the greatest risk for fetal congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortions.
Maternal diabetes causes complications in the embryo/fetus that start in the uterus, are present immediately after birth, and could potentially last a lifetime.
